When you play a song, you will follow a pattern of notes, scales, chords and harmonic circles. Notwithstanding, one of the main points in music is that is usually singed while you play. So what if the singer cannot sing a song comfortably because its tone is either too high or too low? The only thing you can do in these cases is to transport the song to a higher or lower note.
To transport (both notes and chords) a song, first you need to write it down. Let's suppose a song is composed of the following chords...
G – G# – G – G#
Cm – D9# – A9# – F
A9# – F – Cm – D9#
...and you need it in a higher note. What you need to do is to rewrite the chords, changing its notes upwards, but keeping the song's intervals. To do this, you need to take into account that the difference between:
Do and Re is one tone
Re and Mi is one tone
Mi and Fa is half tone
Fa and Sol is one tone
Sol and La is one tone
La and Ti is one tone
Ti and Do is half tone
Sharp and flat notes are half tone away of their mother note.
With this information, now, you can change the chords in the melody smoothly:
G becomes A
G# becomes A#
Cm becomes Dm
D9# becomes E9#
A9# becomes B9#
F becomes G
So, the new melody will be:
A – A# – A – A#
Dm – E9# – B9# – G
B9# – G – Dm – E9#
Do the same with its scales and you are done.
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